Tau qhov twg los: iiaimagazine.org
Xob laim cua daj cua dub zoo meej rau kev rhuav tshem yog nyob rau hnub ci teb. Hnub ci panels 'loj - thiab feem ntau raug- qhov chaw ua rau nws ua kom nws kav nws lub neej.
Xob laim yog qhov hluav taws xob tawm hauv cov cua. Thaum xob laim tawm tsam, hluav taws kub yog qhov dhau los vim qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Nimbus huab (los nag Lub ionization ntawm cov huab cua uas yog nruab nrab ntawm av thiab cov huab Nimbus huab tsim kev tawm ntawm huab los ntawm cov huab mus rau hauv av. Nimbus huab ua rau surges loj tshaj plaws vim tias lawv yog dab tsi tsim teeb roj.
Indirect Xob Laim tawm cov tub ceev xwm raug rhuav tshem. Anecdotal Soj ntsuam txog xob laim ua haujlwm feem ntau yog qhov ntsuas tsis zoo ntawm qib ntawm xob laim {}}}} inducter hauv PV arrays1Cov. Indirect Xob laim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yooj yim kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv rhiab hauv PV cov khoom siv, uas feem ntau muaj tus nqi siab thiab cuam tshuam rau PV system txoj kev ntseeg tau1Cov. Cov overvoltage nyob ntawm kev teeb tsa kev mob ntawm txhua PV system thiab cov wirings.
PV tshuab tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib loj, ib txwm nyob hauv teb lossis rau saum cov tuam tsev. Them los nag huab uas nthuav dav ntau dua li cov teb qhib muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig los tso tus nqi ntawm cov xob laim. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, ib qho hluav taws xob nce yog yuav tshwm sim. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv yog, kev puas tsuaj ntau yuav tshwm sim.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yooj yim rau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm surges. Yog hais tias kev tawm tsam tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau tam sim no, nws yuav ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab. Indirect Xob Laim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias tus neeg nyob hauv 60 taws los ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm txoj kev taws teeb [2]. Thaum PV system nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw muaj kev lag luam, cov haujlwm ua lag luam thiab khoom siv kuj yog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Inverters yog kim, tab sis rau kev lag luam kev lag luam, ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus nqi ntawm downtime.
Thaum xob laim lub hnub ci, nws ua rau ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg tam sim no thiab voltage nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci lub voj voos hlau hlau hlau hlau loops. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li Panels, cov inverter, tswj thiab cov khoom sib txuas lus2, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv kev teeb tsa lub tsev3Cov. Cov thawv array, lub inverter, thiab MPT (siab tshaj plaws fais fab taw tes tracker) muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tiav.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub zog loj los ntawm kev hla dhau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau PV system, cov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev rau hauv av. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum ncaj qha rau hauv av thiab tawm ntawm cov kab ke thiab tawm ntawm cov khoom siv Ethernet (xws li etherget cables los ntawm kev tiv thaiv surge tiv tes (SPD).
Kev xav tau SPD rau txhua pawg ntawm cov hlua hauv lub thawv array, lub thawv recominn, raws li DC disconnect.
Surge Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntaus Cov Khoom Siv
SPDS muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov phom sij los ntawm kev sib sau.
Ul 1449 [4] txhais hom 1, ntaus 2, thiab ntaus 3 SPDS:
Hom 1:Ib qho chaw nres nkoj, mus tas li rau watt - teev} ib teev ntawm cov kev pabcuam hloov pauv uas yog muab ntsia tau yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud. Hom 1 SPDS rau siv nyob rau hauv PV tshuab tuaj yeem txuas nruab nrab ntawm PV array thiab cov kev pab cuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Hom 2:Kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom pabcuam ntawm cov cuab yeej pabcuam overcurrent ntaus ntawv; Xws li Spds nyob ntawm ceg vaj huam sib luag thiab Moulded Case Spds. Lub IMAX tus nqi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ib qho tam sim no tam sim no sawv cev los ntawm 8/20 μS wurvform uas SPD tuaj yeem txhawb nqa.
Hom 3:Taw tes ntawm kev siv SPDS, ntsia ib qho tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, piv txwv li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag tau tiv thaiv. Qhov kev ncua deb (10 metres) yog tshwj xeeb ntawm kev coj ua uas tau muab nrog lossis siv los txuas SPDS.
Ntaus 1 SPDS tiv thaiv ncaj qha xob laim thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm 10/350 μs tam sim no yoj. Hom 1 SPDS yog siv nyob rau hauv central inverters.
Hom 2 SPDS tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tsis ncaj, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm 8/20 μS cov vagreforms. Ib qho 8/20 μs werreform txhais tau hais tias kev tawm tsam muaj lub sijhawm 8 μS sawv thiab lub sijhawm ua rau ib qho {}} ib nrab ncov ntawm 20 μs. Hom 2 SPDS tiv thaiv kev tshaj tawm rau hauv cov hluav taws xob daws teeb meem thiab khoom siv. Lawv kuj tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam xob hluav taws xob cov nyhuv uas qhia txog kev tawm tsam tsis pub dhau lub xaim.
Hom 2 SPD yuav tsum tau siv rau txhua MPT thiab hauv txoj hlua cov inverters thiab array thawv.
Lub npov uas lub surges surges tshwm sim feem ntau yog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov ciav uas tsis ncaj. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hom khoom thiab qhov siab, tab sis kuj yog cov duab uas cuam tshuam rau ib qho khoom muaj peev xwm nyiam xob laim. Yog tias cov duab ntawm lub thawv lossis cov khoom siv tau muaj txiaj ntsig los ua kom nyiam xob laim, tom qab ntawd ib hom li 1 spd lossis tus pas nrig xob laim.
Qhov siab, taw cov duab, thiab kev cais tawm yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov twg xob laim. Nws yog tus dab neeg uas hlau nyiam xob laim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias txawm muaj qhov twg pv ua liaj ua teb nyob rau txhua tus PV system vim yog lawv txoj kev ua yeeb yam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj.
Surge Kev Xaiv Kev Xaiv thiab Txhim Kho rau PV Tshuab
PV tshuab muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, uas yog li yuav tsum tau siv SPDDs uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau PV tshuab.
PV tshuab muaj HIX system voltages txog 1500 volts. Lawv lub zog siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ntawm ob peb leeg feem pua hauv qab lub kaw lus lub sijhawm luv luv.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus SPD tsim nyog rau PV system thiab nws cov kev teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum paub:
Xob Laim Flash Quav;
Lub system kev ua haujlwm kub;
Lub kaw lus lub voltage;
Lub kaw lus luv dua hluav taws xob tam sim no kev ntaus nqi;
Qib ntawm WaveForm uas yog muaj kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam (indirect lossis ncaj qha tsim); thiab
cov nominal tawm tam sim no.
Tus spd yuav tsum muaj kev teeb tsa uas muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob sab nraud (LPS) IEC 62305-3 meej kom paub meej txog kev sib cais deb ntawm qhov yuav tsum muaj rau sab nraud LPS.
Txhawm rau muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv, ib qib kev tiv thaiv qib (nce) yuav tsum yog 20% qis dua li lub zog ntawm lub system cov khoom siv davhlau ya.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau siv SPD nrog luv luv nrog kev tiv thaiv luv dua ntawm Circuit Court tam sim no ntawm lub hnub ci ncu tias SPD tau txuas nrog. SPD uas muab rau ntawm DC cov zis yuav tsum muaj DC Mcov sib npaug los yog ntau dua cov photovoltaic voltage ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.
Thaum xob laim ib qho (saib Daim Duab 1), lub vaj huam sib luag lub hnub ci thiab cov inverter yuav raug puas ntsoog. Tsuas yog cov inverter yuav raug puas yog tias xob laim feem ntau yog vim li cas nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev xaiv thiab nruab SPD ntawm ob kab ntawv AC thiab DC. Qhov kev tawm tsam ze dua yog mus rau inverter, muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub inverter yuav.
Daim duab 1.Xob laim tawm tsam qhov chaw nyob.
SPDS rau DC nkaus ntawm photovoltaic tshuab
PV cov peev txheej muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tam sim no thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob tsis zoo dua li ib txwm muaj: lawv tsis muaj qhov ua rau ntev}} Yog li ntawd, PV cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau loj dua PVses thiab kuj tseem yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev daws teeb meem.
SpDs tau ntsia rau DC ib yam yuav tsum tau tsim tshwj xeeb yog tsim los rau DC daim ntawv thov. Kev siv tus SPD ntawm qhov tsis muaj AC lossis DC sab yog qhov muaj kev phom sij thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Thaum SPDS yog siv nyob rau hauv DC sab, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau siv rau ntawm AC sab vim muaj kev sib txawv.
SPDS rau AC Sab
Kev tiv thaiv surge tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau AC thiab yog rau DC ib sab. Nco ntsoov tias SPD tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau AC.
Rau kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, SPD yuav tsum muaj qhov loj me tshwj xeeb rau cov kab ke. Qhov kev xaiv kom tsim nyog yuav lav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws nrog lub neej ntev tshaj plaws.
Ntawm AC sab, ntau lub invereers tuaj yeem txuas nrog tib SPD yog tias lawv faib tib daim phiaj sib txuas.
Kev muab cia
SPDS yuav tsum tau nruab ntug ntawm cov cuab yeej lawv yuav tiv thaiv. NFPA 780 12.4.2.1}}} Hais tias kev tiv thaiv surge los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv lub dC, thiab lub thawv so haujlwm rau ntau lub hnub ci hauv cov inverter.
Kev tsim kho kom raug ntawm SPD kev vam khom peb qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog:
Qhov siab kawg tsis tu ncua Voltage: Qhov hluav taws xob uas SPD yuav qhib.
Cov khoom tiv thaiv theem: Cov khoom siv overvoltage qeb yuav tsum yog siab dua li SPD txoj kev tiv thaiv qib.
Nominal tawm tam sim no: lub ncov nqi ntawm Waveform (8/20 μS rau Hom 2 SPDS) tias SPD muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv tom qab rov ua dua.
Fab
Cov xaim hauv pv lub tshuab feem ntau txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv ntev ntev kom lawv tuaj yeem mus txog rau qhov sib txuas sib txuas kev sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, ntev cable ntev yog tsis pom zoo, thiab PV tshuab yog deb ntawm kev zam.
Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov teb - Raws li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob nce ntxiv nrog rau kev nce qib ntev thiab cov neeg ua neeg coj ua loops. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim, txhua ntu voltage poob rau hauv kev sib txuas cov cable tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig SPD cov nyhuv tiv thaiv. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim yog tias cov clesles tau ua kom luv li sai tau.
Surgage voltage yog ib tug tseem ceeb pab cuam rau cable tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab txhua tus impulse ntawm cable yuav ua rau lub zog cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cable lub zog.
Yog hais tias ib tug surge tau txhaj rau hauv ib qho sawv -}}}} ib leeg pv system (tej yam khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj zog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis khoom siv dej, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.
Qhov chaw nyob thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm SPDD rau nruab rau DC ntu yog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cable ntawm lub hnub ci ntsa iab thiab cov inverter (saib cov lus 1). Yog tias qhov ntev yog tsawg dua 10 meters, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog ib tus SPD yog qhov tsim nyog thiab SPD yuav tsum tau nruab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig raws li inverter. Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm lub cable yog ntau tshaj 10 meters, tom qab ntawd nruab ib tus spd nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm inverter raws li tus SPD thib ob hauv lub thawv uas nyob ze rau lub hnub ci ntsa iab.
Txoj kev cables nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev uas zam cov neeg coj tus neeg coj loj. AC thiab DC kab thiab cov kab lus kab ke yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov kev sib txuas ua ke tag nrho cov hlua los ntawm kev sib tw dhau ntau cov hlua lossis thaum txuas cov inverter mus rau qhov sib txuas sib txuas.
Rooj 1.Xaiv ED.
Yuav ua li cas sib xyaw ua ke nrog inverters
PV cov liaj teb yog muaj cov khoom siv rhiab uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv nthuav dav. Vim tias PV ua liaj ua teb tsim ncaj qha tam sim no (inverator, inverers (uas yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov lub zog no los ntawm AC) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv cov hluav taws xob. Hmoov tsis zoo, Invererers tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev tab sis lawv yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
NFPA 780,Cov qauv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm xob laim kev tiv thaiv cov tshuab, nyob rau hauv 12.4.2.3 Yuav tsum muaj SPDS ntxiv rau hauv Inverter yog tias lub kaw lus inverter yog ntau tshaj li 30 metres los ntawm qhov sib txuas ze tshaj plaws lossis lub thawv recombiner.
Txhim kho SPD ntawm Fuses thiab Inverter yog tias muaj txoj hlua tiv thaiv (xws li Fuses, DC tej fais fab tuag lossis txoj hlua) [Saib Daim Duab 2].
Daim duab 2.SPD kom raug thiab tsis raug rau inverter nrog txoj hlua tiv thaiv.
Txhawm rau txuas tus SPD thaum muaj ib qho inverter nrog ib lub thawv fuse sib txuas, xyuas kom cov fuses sab hauv yog kev sib txuas nrog (saib Daim Duab 3). Cov SPDs yuav tsum tau teeb tsa sab nraud ntawm inverter thiab hauv nema hom - 3 r encli.} i, nws yog daim ntawv thov sab nraum zoov.
Txoj hlua inverters yuav tsum tau muab ntsia kom ze rau cov hlua kom tau. SPD cable uas txuas rau L + / L {{2} network, thiab nruab nrab ntawm SPD's Terminal Block thiab av Busbar, yuav tsum tsawg dua 2.5 meters. Tus luv dua qhov kev sib txuas cables, ntau dua thiab tus nqi- Qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo yuav yog.
Rau invereers nrog tsuas yog ib mpp tracker, sib txuas txoj hlua ua ntej inverter thiab txuas lawv mus rau SPD ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev sib txuas.
SPD kev sib txuas yuav tsum npaj rau txhua lub tswv yim thaum lub inverter muaj ntau cov MPP trackers. SPD yuav tsum tau siv rau txhua lub tswv yim uas fused nrog txoj hlua diode.
Daim duab 3.SPD txuas nrog inverter nrog cov thawv fuse
Tag
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm photovoltic cov khoom uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv screas yog ntau tshaj qhov kev lag luam pheej hmoo {}} nws tsis ua hauj lwm.
Rau lub nruab hnub nruab hnub ci kom muaj lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntsuab, lawv yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm xob laim tsis ruaj khov thiab yog li, kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Photovoltaic tshuab 'tsis muaj zog rau xob laim {{0} {{{1} {1}- txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau tsim tsa kev tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho kom raug.