Photovoltaics yog qhov ncaj hloov dua siab ntawm lub teeb rau hauv hluav taws xob nyob rau qib atomic. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom ib qho khoom uas paub tias yog qhov teebmeem ntawm qhov teebmeem uas ua rau lawv nqes tau cov photons ntawm lub teeb thiab tso tawm electronics. Tus thawj photovoltaic module ua tau los ntawm Bell Laboratories hauv 1954.
Cov teebmeem photovoltaic tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hnub ci hlwb. Cov kab mob qoob loo hnub no muaj ob hom sib txawv ntawm cov semiconductors - ib hom p-type thiab n-hom - uas sib koom ua ke los tsim ib lub pn hlawv.
Los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm ob hom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ib qho hluav taws xob tau tsim nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam xws li electrons tsiv mus rau qhov zoo p-sab thiab qhov tawm mus rau qhov tsis zoo n-sab. Daim teb no ua rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj me ntsis txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev coj ua thiab cov khoom zoo rau lwm yam.
Lub teeb yog tsim ntawm photons. Cov photons yuav absorbed los ntawm ib tug photovoltaic cell - hom ntawm tes uas tsim hnub ci panels. Thaum lub teeb ntawm kev tsim wavelength yog xwm txheej ntawm cov hlwb, lub zog los ntawm photon yog xa mus rau ib qho ntawm lub semiconducting khoom nyob rau hauv pn hlaub. Tshwj xeeb, lub zog muab xa mus rau electrons hauv cov khoom. Qhov no ua rau cov electrons dhia mus rau lub zog dua zog uas hu ua band conduction. Qhov yoojyim tom qab ntawm qhov "qhov" nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntaus nqi ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob dhia tawm ntawm. Qhov no lub zog ntawm electron raws li ib qho ntawm lub zog ntxiv tsim ob nqi ntawm cov khoom nqa , ib qho hluav taws xob ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Vim tias cov hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim los ntawm pn hlwv, electrons txav mus rau qhov tsis zoo n-sab thiab qhov zoo qhov tsiv mus rau p-sab thiaj li los nrog cov nyhuv photovoltaic.
