Tau qhov twg los: energy.gov
ROV QAB LOS
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuam tau siv ntau cov bandgaps, lossis junctions, uas tig mus rau nqus ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob kom tsim cov hlwb hnub ci muaj cov kev ua tau zoo dua li ntawm 45%. Qhov siab tshaj qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws uas lub hnub ci ib leeg muaj peev xwm ua tiav nrog lub hnub ci tsis muaj teeb meem yog li ntawm 33.5%, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev faib khoom dav ntawm lub hnub ci. Qhov no tsis pub dhau qhov ua tau zoo, hu ua Shockley-Queisser txwv, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hluav taws xob qhib-Circuit Court (Voc) ntawm lub hnub ci cell yog txwv los ntawm bandgap ntawm cov khoom nqus thiab cov duab uas muaj zog hauv qab bandgap tsis nqus. Cov neeg thaij duab uas muaj lub zog ntau dua li cov bandgap yog nqus tau, tab sis lub zog ntau dua bandgap yuav ploj mus thaum kub.
Ntau yam khoom siv sib txuas tau siv cov tshuab ua kom muaj lub ntsej muag kom tau txais lub zog siab ntawm photons thaum tso cai rau cov duab hluav taws xob qis dua. Ib cov khoom siv nrog bandgap qis me ntsis yog tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv qab lub siab-bandgap hlws ris kom nqus cov photons nrog lub zog me dua (ntev dua wavelengths). Cov kab ke ua haujlwm ntau dhau los siv ob lossis ntau qhov kev nqus tau ib zaug, thiab theoretical qhov siab tshaj tawm tau nce nrog tus naj npawb ntawm junctions. Cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov rau cov khoom siv sib txuam tau siv lub zog ntawm cov khoom sib luag ua ke los ntawm cov khoom hauv III thiab V kab ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sij Hawm, xws li gallium indium phosphate (GaInP), gallium indium arsenide (GaInAs), thiab gallium arsenide (GaAA). Peb qhov kev sib txuas ua ke uas siv III-V lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tau mus txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ntau dua 45% siv cov hnub ci muaj zog. Cov neeg tsim qauv no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm cov hnub ci ntawm tes thev naus laus zis, thiab ntau lub hlwb ua tau los ntawm CIGS, CdSe, silicon, organic molecules, thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tau raug tshawb xyuas.
Yav dhau los, cov khoom siv sib txuam tau siv feem ntau hauv qhov chaw, qhov chaw muaj cov hwm zoo rau lub teeb hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, uas tso cai rau kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau nqi hnub ci no. Rau cov ntawv pov thawj thaj av, cov nqi siab ntawm cov semiconductor substrates (piv rau silicon, piv txwv) yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsom, nrog rau cov tshuab tam sim no feem ntau siv Fresnel lo ntsiab muag. Qhov tsom qhov muag tawm ua rau kom qhov teeb meem ntau ntxiv ntawm lub hnub ci ntawm tes, yog li ua rau lub zog ntau lawm. Siv cov tsom xa hluav taws xob xav tau qhov kev siv ob-axis hnub sib txuas, uas yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom siv coj los txuam nrog cov nqi ntawm lub system.
KEV TSHAWB FAWB TXOG
Txawm hais tias multijunction III-V hlwb muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua li kev sib tw thev naus laus zis, xws li cov hlwb hnub ci yog qhov muaj nuj nqis ntau vim tias tam sim no cov kev tsim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb nquag tau coj los txo qis tus nqi hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm cov hlwb hnub ci no los ntawm txoj kev xws li kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, cov khoom nqus, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim; nce efficiency; thiab txuas ntxiv lub tswv yim multijunction mus rau lwm qhov PV thev naus laus zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias tus nqi ntawm cov hnub ci hlwb li no, txhim kho txhim khu kev qha cov nqi qis rau kev taug qab thiab kev tsom mus rau tseem yog cov chaw hauv kev tshawb fawb los txhawb cov kev txo nqi rau PV systems siv cov multijunction hlwb.
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov neeg tau txais khoom plig thiab cov phiaj xwm ntsig txog qhov ua tau zoo-III-V hlwb hauv qab no.
Ohio State University: Columbus Campus (Photovoltaics Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Loj Hlob)
Arizona State University (Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Photovoltaics thiab Kev Loj Hlob)
University of Oregon (Photovoltaics Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho: Cov Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm Tau Me Me Hauv Hnub Ci)
South Dakota Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Mines thiab Technology (Photovoltaics Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho: Cov Tswv Yim Me Ua Tshiab Hauv Lub Hnub Ci)
Arizona State University (Kev Tshawb Fawb Photovoltaics thiab Kev Txhim Kho: Cov Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm Me Me Hauv Hnub Ci)
nLiten Zog (Photovoltaics Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Loj Hlob: Cov Phiaj Xwm Me Me Hauv Cov Ntawv Ua Hnub Ci)
Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab California, Berkeley (Cov Phiaj Xwm Tom Qab Photovoltaics II)
California Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txuj Ci Technology (Lwm Tiam Photovoltaics II Txuj Ci)
North Carolina State University (Qhov Txheej Txheem Ua Ntej txhawm rau Txhawb Kev Ruaj Ntseg Cell)
Lub teb chaws txuas ntxiv dua mus zog kuaj (Tsim kom muaj rau nce qib ntawm tes)
Ohio State University (Qhov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm rau Ua Ntej Cell Txiaj Ntsig)
Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Houston (Tiam Tom Qab Photovoltaics 3 Cov Haujlwm)
Lub teb chaws txuas ntxiv dua mus zog kuaj (Lwm tiam Photovoltaics 3 Tej yaam num)
NYIAJ POOB HAUJLWM
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhawb nqa III-V hnub ci hlwb suav nrog:
Spectrum txuam: Cov qib siab ua haujlwm hlwb (> 45%) tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm kev sib txuam ntu ntawm lub hnub ci spectrum nrog cov txheej nqus tshwj xeeb muaj cov kab sib txawv tshwj xeeb.
Crystal qauv: Cov ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke ntawm III-V semiconductors muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo tagnrho rau cov hnub ci hlwb, suav nrog ntev exciton diffusion ntev, cov cab kuj muaj, thiab muaj kev haum rau kev nqus.
NTAU LAWM
Tsoos multijunction III-V hlwb tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv epitaxial monolithic pawg nrog cov kev txwv sib txuas hauv series los ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm cov kev sib dhos. Kev tsim ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes hauv ib qho sib tshooj monolithic ua rau cov khoom txwv, thiab kev tsim cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau yooj yim yog tias ib leeg txheej ntawm cov kev rho tawm tau tshaj atomic lattice txaus qhia thiab yog lattice sib phim. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov ntxaij hluav taws xob txuam yog vim li cas Ge, uas yog cov ntxaij ntoo haum rau qee cov III-V alloys, yog ib txwm siv los ua cov txheej txheem qis thiab nqaim bandgap cell hauv MJ's. Lattice txuam cov kev txwv yuav kov yeej nrog qhov nyuaj ntxiv uas siv wafer bonding lossis metamorphic tsis khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
Qhov kev sib tshuam-kev sib tshuam txheej yog tsim tsa los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov qib siab tshaj + + thiab txheej n ++. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg no ua rau thaj chaw them nqi qhov chaw dav dav, uas tso cai tam sim no ntws ntawm cov ntawv rho tawm. High-bandgap khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, hu ua lub qhov rais txheej thiab rov qab tsim teb, tuaj yeem raug ntxiv rau passivate saum npoo av ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab qhov kev sib tshuam, uas yog tias sab laug tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, tuaj yeem cuab cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab ua kom nrawm dua.
Yog tias cov ntawv sib txuas tau txuas nrog rau hauv cov txheej txheem, cov subcell uas ua qhov me me tam sim no txwv qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm cov cuab yeej. Yog li no, kev siv zog ntau muab tso rau qhov kho qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rho tawm tam sim no. Luminescent txuas ntawm cov ntawv rho tawm tuaj yeem so qee qhov tam sim no cov khoom ua si tsim nyog xav tau.
Multijunction III-V lub hnub ci lub cev tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov qauv kev siv molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), tab sis kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv cov hlau loj-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactors yog cov khoom lag luam uas tsim tau ntawm GaInP / GaInAs / Ge cov cuab yeej. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm trimethylgallium (Ga (CH3) 3), trimethylindium (InC3H9), arsine (AsH3), thiab phosphine (PH3) hauv cov pa roj carbon hydrogen thiab siv cov tshuaj dopants xws li hydrogen selenide (H2Se), silane (SiH6), thiab diethyl zinc ((C2H5) 2Zn). Kev siv cov tsom iav hauv lub ntsej muag yuav ua rau cov hlwb nyias txawv me me - qee lub sijhawm, ib qho me me li lub taub me me ntawm qhov me me. Yog li no cov tswv yim no tso cai rau ntau pua lub hnub ci hauv ib pawg. Kev tshawb fawb tab tom ua ntxiv los txo qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov hlwb thiab ua rau kom cov naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm ib qho wafer, uas yuav pab txo tus nqi rau ib lub cell.
