Tau qhov twg los: sec.ucf.edu
Kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob qho txheej txheem: dej electrolysis siv lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov hnub ci dej cais ncaj qha. Thaum xav txog lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob, yuav luag txhua tus neeg tham txog PV-electrolysis. Tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Qhov tseeb, nws tau pom thawj zaug hauv Florida Solar Energy Center hauv 1983 raws li peev nyiaj los ntawm NASA Kennedy Chaw Chaw. Txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tshwm sim los, nws tseem ua lag luam tsis tau. Dhau li ntawm tus nqi, muaj cov lus nug vim li cas siv hluav taws xob, lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau, los tsim cov khoom siv hydrogen, lwm lub zog rau lub zog, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws rov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob dua rau kev siv? Hauv lwm lo lus, hluav taws xob muaj nuj nqis heev li hluav taws xob, peb cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob uas peb xav tau tshaj plaws, tias peb yuav tsis xav siv nws rau lwm yam dua li. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias hluav taws xob ua los ntawm photovoltaics. PV ua lub zog siv hluav taws xob sib txuam nrog cov huab cua tswj hluav taws xob siab nrawm rau lub teb chaws' s siv. Ib qho yog qhov zoo dua rau kev siv hluav taws xob PV li hluav taws xob vim tias nws tau siv cov khoom siv ntau dhau.
Thaum twg nws yuav raug txiav txim siab ua kom hydrogen los ntawm hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob? Cov lus teb yog peb yuav xav kom hydrogen ua lub sijhawm hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem siv - tawm ntawm qhov chaw siab rau hauv chaw deb, thiab thaum lub caij hloov txawv. Hydrogen los ntawm cua, hydro, geothermal lossis lwm daim ntawv ntawm hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum muaj peev txheej tsis zoo rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob thauj khoom profile.
Yog tias lub hnub ci hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm PV-electrolysis-roj cell tsis paub, yog dab tsi txog PV-electrolytic hydrogen? Qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm kev sib tham txog PV-electrolysis txhawj xeeb txog kev ua hydrogen rau kev siv los ua roj tsheb. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov xwm txheej no tsis zoo li tsim nyog. Xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb roj hydrogen faib 1,000 roj roj ib hnub, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm lub teb chaws nruab nrab. Nco ntsoov tias ib nkas loos roj av tsuas muaj tib lub zog npaum li hauv ib kilo (kg) ntawm hydrogen. Yog li, chaw sam roj yuav tau kwv yees li 1,000 kg ntawm hydrogen nyob rau ib hnub. Kev siv cov nqi cua sov qis dua ntawm hydrogen, qhov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob xav tau los tsim kom tau ib kg ntawm hydrogen yog 51 kWh (siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm 65%). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias 1,000 kg / hnub ntawm hydrogen yuav xav tau 51,000 kWh ib hnub rau hluav taws xob. Tus nqi ntawm PV xav tau los muab 51,000 kWh tuaj yeem kwv yees los ntawm kev faib tawm kWh los ntawm 5 teev / hnub. Yog li, 10,200 kWp lossis 10.2 megawatts ntawm PV fais fab yuav xav tau rau kev khiav haujlwm ntawm 1000 kg / hnub hydrogen chaw nres tsheb roj. Nco ntsoov tias 1 kWp yuav tsum muaj kwv yees li 10 square metres ib cheeb tsam rau PV ntawm 10% efficiency.
Hom ob, hais txog kev sib cais ntawm cov dej hnub ci ncaj qha, yog hais txog txhua yam txheej txheem uas lub hnub ci zog siv ncaj qha los tsim cov tshuaj hydrogen los ntawm cov dej tsis tas mus los ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nruab nrab. Piv txwv li:
photoelectrochemical dej sib cais - cov txheej txheem no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas hauv cov xov hluav taws xob photoelectrochemical kom hloov lub teeb ua lub zog rau tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog ntawm hydrogen. Muaj qhov tseem ceeb ob yam ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob photoelectrochemical - ib qho siv semiconductors lossis dyes thiab lwm qhov siv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
photobiological - cov no koom nrog tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm hydrogen los ntawm kev siv roj ntsha nruab hnub uas siv hnub ci. Qee yam algae thiab cov kab mob tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj hydrogen hauv cov kev mob uas tsim nyog. Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau hauv algae nqus tawm lub hnub ci zog, thiab cov enzymes hauv cell ua raws li catalysts los faib dej rau hauv nws cov hydrogen thiab oxygen constituents.
siab kub thermochemical mus los - cov kev voj voog siv cov hnub ci kub kom tsim tau cov pa los ntawm dej los ntawm kev faib ua ob tog siv cov txheej txheem thermochemical.
biomass gasification - qhov no siv tshav kub los hloov biomass rau hauv cov roj hluavtaws ua kom muaj zog Hauv hydrogen.
Cov txheej txheem photoelectrochemical thiab cov txheej txheem photobiological yog cov uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv thiaj li ua tau raws li lub zog ua kom ntev. Hnub no' s systems muaj tsawg dua li 1 feem pua kev ua haujlwm (hnub ci rau hydrogen) thiab lawv xav tau kom ncav ntau qhov txiaj ntsig kom tau txais txiaj ntsig. Tsis tas li, tsis muaj kev txhim kho loj ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis.
Lub siab kub thermochemical cov voj voog tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev ua tau zoo (ntau dua 40 feem pua), tab sis lawv yuav tsum siv cov hnub ci huab cua txais / cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj peev xwm ncav cuag kub tshaj li 800º C. Muaj ntau ntau cov thermochemical cov voj voog uas tau kawm. (Pom Kev Tsim Tawm ntawm Hydrogen los ntawm Hnub Ci Lub Hnub Ci Thermochemical Dej Sib Tw).
Kev siv roj av biomass siv cua sov kom hloov hloov biomass (ntoo, nyom, lossis khib nyiab ua liaj ua teb) rau hauv cov pa hluavtaws. Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov roj cua nyob ntawm hom kev ua kom noj tsiaj, nyob ntawm cov pa oxygen, qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam. Biomass gasifiers tau tsim dua li kev txhim kho hauv lub txaj, zoo li dej-lub txaj, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pw.
