TOPCon Solar Cells yog dab tsi?
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm photovoltaic (PV) modules yeej ib txwm sim nrhiav tshiab, ntau dua lwm txoj hauv kev los ua kom lub hnub ci ua tau zoo. Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, thiab tam sim no, muaj qee qhov kev sib tw hauv Solar PV lag luam.
Qhov kev hloov tshiab tshaj plaws cia siab tias kev lag luam loj hlob yuav nyob rau hauv HJT thiab TOPCon hnub ci hlwb.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2022 los ntawm International Technology Roadmap rau Photovoltaic (ITRPV) qhia qee qhov kev xav tau rau 10 xyoo tom ntej:
♦ PERC(Passivated Emitter Rear Contact) cov cuab yeej siv hnub ci hnub ci tam sim no yog tus thawj coj ua lag luam nrog kev ua lag luam ntawm ib puag ncig 75%. Tab sis qhov kev kwv yees yog tias qhov sib koom ntawm p-hom mono-Si PERC hlwb yuav txo qis mus txog 10% hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej.
♦ N-hom TOPCon(Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) thev naus laus zis yuav tau txais kev sib koom ua lag luam los ntawm kwv yees li 10% hauv 2022 txog 60% hauv 2033, dhau los ua hom silicon wafer tseem ceeb. Nws tau kwv yees tias qhov loj tshaj plaws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm 2024.
♦ N-hom HJT(Heterojunction solar cells) xav tias yuav nce li ntawm 9% (2023) mus rau ntau dua 25% sib koom hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej. Kev siv HJT cell technology tseem muaj kev nyuaj siab vim yog cov nqi tsim khoom ntau dua rau lub hnub ci hlwb thiab cov kab ntau lawm tsis sib xws nrog cov thev naus laus zis tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsis suav nrog hauv kab lus no.
P-type PERC vs N-type TopCon
PERC thev naus laus zis yog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom loj. Tab sis ua kom lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ua tau zoo siv txoj kev no tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi qeeb. Niaj hnub no lub ntsiab P-hom modules ncav cuag qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ib puag ncig 21.4% uas yuav nce mus rau 22.75% hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej.
N-hom TOPCon hnub ci cell ntsia hauv PV module zoo ib yam li PERC cell. P-type thiab N-type solar cells yog ob qho tib si tsim los ntawm silicon wafer. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev wafers yog doped nrog tshuaj los txhim kho hluav taws xob ntau lawm.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, P-hom hlwb yog doped nrog boron, thaum N-hom hlwb yog doped nrog phosphorus. Piv txwv li, phosphorus degrades tsawg dua boron thaum raug oxygen. Tsis tas li ntawd, phosphorus doping ntxiv cov electrons dawb rau lub wafer, uas ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig.
Yog li, N-hom raws li modules tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Niaj hnub no cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ze li 22.5% yuav nce mus txog 24% los yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej raws li kev kwv yees.
Qhov teeb meem nrog N-type manufacturing txheej txheem yog tias nws tseem kim dua.
Qhov zoo ntawm TOPCon technology?
1- Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
TOPCon modules tuaj yeem tsim tau nrog cov tshuab zoo ib yam li P-hom modules, uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm TOPCon hlwb tsis tas yuav muaj peev txheej peev rau cov tuam txhab.
2- Kev ua tau zoo dua
Raws li lub koom haum Fraunhofer ISE, kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem mus dhau 25%. PERC cell siab tshaj theoretical efficiency yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 24%.
3- Tsawg degradation
TOPCon modules muaj lub zog txo qis zog thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1 thiab lub sijhawm 30 xyoo ntawm PV panels siv, piv rau PERC panels.
4- Cov coefficient kub qis dua
TOPCon hlwb muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau huab cua huab cua.
5- Tus nqi ntawm Bifaciality
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws bifacial rau PERC PV modules tau txiav txim siab nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 70% piv rau 85% rau TOPCon panels. Lawv sau ntau lub zog los ntawm sab nraub qaum piv rau PERC bifacial modules, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov dej num hauv av. Aesthetically, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua li PERC hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
6- Lub teeb ua haujlwm qis
TOPcon modules muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua hauv cov teeb pom kev tsis zoo, uas txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm tsim hluav taws xob thaum nruab hnub thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lub sijhawm.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm TOPCon thev naus laus zis?
Ib qho teeb meem loj ntawm TOPCon hlwb piv rau PERC hlwb yog tias lawv xav tau nyiaj ntau dua (Ag) rau kev tsim khoom.
Ob leeg TOPCon thiab PERC siv nyiaj muab tshuaj txhuam thaum tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, TOPCon siv nyiaj muab tshuaj txhuam rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov nqi yuav tsis qis dua li ntawm PERC.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshiab tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv kev txo cov nyiaj uas xav tau, thaum tseem xa cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws lossis ntau dua. Cov nqi qis dua, rov qab los, yuav tso cai rau cov cuab yeej no ntaus lub lag luam ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.
Muaj lwm yam teeb meem hais txog lwm qhov: boron deposition, sib txawv cov kev cai rau huv chav tsev tej yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau raws li, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xaiv emitter tam sim no siv rau TOPCon pem hauv ntej emitter. Cov teeb meem no dhau ntawm cov kab lus no.
