Tau qhov twg los:greenbiz.com
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag muaj lub neej ntev ntawm 25 mus rau 30 xyoo, tab sis lawv muaj cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, suav nrog nyiaj thiab tooj liab. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag tas sij hawm xav tau sai sai, cov tuam txhab tau tshwm sim uas nrhiav kev rov ua dua cov ntaub ntawv rov siv tau thiab khaws cov panels tawm ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.
Hauv Odessa, Texas, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev pib hu ua SolarCycle tshem tawm cov tsheb thauj khoom uas nqa cov hnub ci photovoltaic kawg ntawm lub neej tshiab tau khaws los ntawm kev lag luam hnub ci ua liaj ua teb thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas. Lawv cais cov vaj huam sib luag los ntawm aluminium thav duab thiab lub thawv hluav taws xob, tom qab ntawd pub rau hauv cov tshuab uas tshem lawv cov iav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv laminated uas tau pab tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm tshav ntuj rau li ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo.
Tom ntej no, cov panels yog hauv av, shredded thiab raug rau cov txheej txheem patented uas rho tawm cov khoom tseem ceeb - feem ntau yog nyiaj, tooj liab thiab crystalline silicon. Cov khoom no yuav raug muag, ib yam li cov nqi qis dua aluminium thiab iav, uas tej zaum yuav xaus rau hauv tiam tom ntej ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Cov txheej txheem no nthuav tawm qhov pom ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim rau qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov solar solar panels uas yuav ntws los ntawm kev lag luam uas sawv cev rau lub zog loj tshaj plaws hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Niaj hnub no, kwv yees li 90 feem pua ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas uas tau poob lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. vim muaj hnub nyoog, lossis qhov tsis zoo, xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg vim tias qhov kev xaiv ntawd raug nqi ib feem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Tab sis cov neeg tawm tswv yim rov qab siv dua hauv Asmeskas hais tias siv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua, xws li nyiaj thiab tooj liab, yuav pab txhawb kev lag luam ncig, uas cov khib nyiab thiab cov pa phem raug txo los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tas li. Raws li tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2021 los ntawm National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), kev rov ua dua PV vaj huam sib luag kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg rau hauv ib puag ncig; ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov saw hlau uas feem ntau nyob ntawm kev xa khoom los ntawm cov teb chaws Asia; txo tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hnub ci thiab lwm yam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom; thiab nthuav dav kev lag luam rau US recyclers.
US hnub ci vaj huam sib luag vim nyiaj laus los ntawm 2030 yuav suav txog 3,000 Asmeskas kev ncaws pob.
Ntawm chav kawm, rov siv dua degraded tab sis tseem-functional panels yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua. Ntau lab ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag no xaus rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, thaum lwm tus tau rov qab siv dua nyob ze rau tsev. Piv txwv li, SolarCycle tab tom tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau nws lub Hoobkas Texas uas yuav siv cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab.
Lub zeem muag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej glut ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag tas sij hawm yog ua rau muaj kev siv zog los ntawm ib tug puv tes ntawm cov hnub ci rov siv dua los daws qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, lub nroog, thiab cov tuam txhab ntiag tug - ntau lab lub vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo - thiab Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov chaw uas tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv no kom nyab xeeb thaum nws mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig, nyob rau hauv li 25 txog 30 xyoo.
Hnub ci muaj peev xwm thoob plaws txhua ntu hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas xav tias yuav nce los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 21 feem pua ntawm ib xyoos los ntawm 2023 txog 2027, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom peb lub hlis twg los ntawm Solar Energy Industries Association thiab lub tuam txhab sab laj Wood Mackenzie. Qhov kev xav tau nce ntxiv yuav tau pab los ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj txo qis ntawm 2022 uas, ntawm lwm qhov kev txhawb nqa rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab, yuav muab 30 feem pua cov nyiaj se rau cov vaj tse nyob hauv hnub ci.
Cov cheeb tsam them los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa hauv Asmeskas txij li xyoo 2021 thiab vim tias yuav so haujlwm los ntawm 2030 yuav suav txog 3,000 Asmeskas kev ncaws pob, raws li kev kwv yees NREL. Taylor Curtis, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev cai lij choj thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub chaw kuaj sim tau hais tias "Nws yog qhov pov tseg zoo me ntsis." Tab sis kev lag luam tus nqi rov ua dua tshiab, tsawg dua 10 feem pua, poob qis dua qhov kev kwv yees upbeat rau kev lag luam kev loj hlob.
Los ntawm 2050, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw rov qab los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem tshaj $ 15 billion.
Jesse Simons, tus tsim ntawm SolarCycle, uas ua haujlwm txog 30 tus neeg thiab tau pib ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, hais tias cov khib nyiab khib nyiab feem ntau them $ 1 txog $ 2 kom txais lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, nce mus txog $ 5 yog tias cov khoom raug pom tias muaj kev puas tsuaj. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, nws lub tuam txhab them $ 18 rau ib lub vaj huam sib luag. Cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab them tus nqi ntawd vim tias lawv tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau qhov chaw pov tseg uas muaj ntawv tso cai lees txais cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab lav kev lav phib xaub rau nws, thiab vim tias lawv xav kom txo qis ib puag ncig ntawm lawv cov vaj huam sib luag qub, hais tias Simons, tus thawj coj ntawm Sierra Club. .
SolarCycle muab nws cov neeg siv khoom nrog kev txheeb xyuas ib puag ncig uas qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rov ua dua vaj huam sib luag. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab siv 95 feem pua tsawg zog dua li kev ua cov pob zeb nkauj xwb, uas yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv mining, bauxite, ces thauj thiab kho nws.
Lub tuam txhab kwv yees tias kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm txhua lub vaj huam sib luag zam cov pa tawm ntawm 97 phaus CO2; daim duab nce mus rau ntau tshaj 1.5 tons ntawm CO2 yog tias lub vaj huam sib luag rov qab siv dua. Raws li tsab cai lij choj Securities thiab Exchange Commission, cov tuam txhab tuav pov hwm yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntsig txog huab cua uas yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov lag luam, suav nrog lawv cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom.
Tshem tawm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ntawm SolarCycle cog, txhuas yog muag ntawm ib lub vaj hlau ze ze. Iav tau muag rau ob peb xees ib lub vaj huam sib luag rau rov siv dua hauv cov khoom siv yooj yim xws li lub raj mis, tab sis Simons vam tias thaum kawg nws yuav muaj txaus los muag rau tus nqi siab dua rau cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hnub ci tshiab.
Raws li lub Xya Hli, California tsuas muaj 1 tsob ntoo rov ua dua tshiab uas tau txais lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Crystalline silicon, siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv lub hnub ci, tseem tsim nyog rov qab los, nws hais. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub rau kev siv rau yav tom ntej panels, nws siv tsis txhob cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov mining thiab ua cov silicon tshiab.
SolarCycle yog ib qho ntawm tsib lub tuam txhab hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tau teev tseg los ntawm SEIA uas muaj peev xwm muab cov kev pabcuam rov ua dua tshiab. Kev lag luam tseem nyob hauv nws cov me nyuam mos thiab tseem tab tom nrhiav seb yuav ua li cas kom tau nyiaj los ntawm kev rov qab los thiab tom qab ntawd muag cov khoom vaj huam sib luag, raws li US Environmental Protection Agency. "Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab no tuaj yeem pom hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau tshwm sim rau qhov loj," EPA tau hais hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam.
Xyoo 2016, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Ntiaj Teb (IRENA) tau kwv yees tias los ntawm 2030s thaum ntxov, lub ntiaj teb kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm PV panels decommissioned yuav sib npaug li 4 feem pua ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov teeb tsa. Los ntawm xyoo 2050, qhov ntim ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag pov tseg yuav nce mus txog tsawg kawg 5 lab metric tons hauv ib xyoos, lub koom haum tau hais. Tuam Tshoj, lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws tsim lub hnub ci zog, xav tias yuav tau so ib tug tag nrho ntawm tsawg kawg yog 13.5 lab metric tons ntawm panels nyob rau hauv 2050, los txog rau tam sim no qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws hnub ci lub teb chaws thiab yuav luag ob npaug ntawm lub US yuav so. los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li IRENA qhia.
Cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv rov qab tau los ntawm PV panels thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem tsim muaj nqis txog $ 450 lab (hauv 2016 cov nqe lus) los ntawm 2030, daim ntawv tshaj tawm pom, hais txog qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw xav tau los tsim qee qhov 60 lab tshiab panels, lossis 18 gigawatts ntawm lub zog- tiam muaj peev xwm. Los ntawm 2050, tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau hais tias, tus nqi rov qab tuaj yeem nce siab tshaj $ 15 billion.
Txog tam sim no, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci ntsib teeb meem kev lag luam, thev naus laus zis thiab kev tswj hwm. Ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem, hais tias NREL's Curtis, yog qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm vaj huam sib luag cov nqi rov ua dua tshiab, uas cuam tshuam cov lus teb rau txoj cai uas yuav muab kev txhawb zog ntau dua rau cov tswv lag luam hnub ci kom rov ua dua cov vaj huam sib luag kawg ntawm lub neej es tsis muab pov tseg.
Lwm qhov teeb meem yog tias Cov Txheej Txheem Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure - EPA-pom zoo txoj kev siv los txiav txim seb cov khoom lossis cov khoom puas muaj cov khoom txaus ntshai uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ib puag ncig - paub tias ua txhaum. Yog li ntawd, qee tus tswv hnub ci ua liaj ua teb xaus rau "kev tswj hwm" lawv cov vaj huam sib luag raws li kev phom sij yam tsis tau txiav txim siab pov tseg pov tseg, Curtis tau hais. Lawv xaus rau kev them nyiaj ntau dua los pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg uas tso cai los lis cov khib nyiab pov tseg lossis rov ua dua tshiab.
Lub koom haum International Energy tau soj ntsuam seb lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas muaj cov hmoov lead, cadmium thiab selenium yuav cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tias muab pov tseg rau hauv cov khib nyiab pov tseg los yog hauv nroog pov tseg thiab txiav txim siab tias qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub koom haum tau hais hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2020, nws qhov kev tshawb pom tsis yog qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev pov tseg: Kev rov ua dua tshiab, nws tau hais tias, yuav "txo ntxiv" kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig.
NREL tab tom kawm lwm txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab seb cov vaj huam sib luag puas muaj kev phom sij. Curtis tau hais tias "Peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov ntawd vim tias nws cuam tshuam rau kev lav phib xaub thiab tus nqi kom rov ua dua tshiab dua," Curtis hais.
Txawm hais tias qhov tsis paub tseeb no, plaub lub xeev tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm txoj cai hais txog PV module rov ua dua tshiab. Kalifonias, uas muaj ntau lub hnub ci kev teeb tsa, tso cai rau cov vaj huam sib luag pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab lawv tau raug txheeb xyuas tias tsis muaj kev phom sij los ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam, uas tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua $ 1,500. Raws li Lub Xya Hli, California tsuas muaj ib tsob ntoo rov ua dua tshiab uas tau txais lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Hauv Washington xeev, txoj cai tsim los muab txoj hauv kev zoo ib puag ncig kom rov ua dua PV vaj huam sib luag yog yuav tsum tau ua thaum Lub Xya Hli 2025; New Jersey cov tub ceev xwm cia siab tias yuav tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev tswj PV pov tseg lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav no; thiab North Carolina tau hais kom cov neeg ua haujlwm ib puag ncig hauv lub xeev los kawm txog kev tshem tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hnub ci. (North Carolina xav kom lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog tias lawv muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li nyiaj lossis - nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag qub - hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium thiab arsenic.)
Hauv European Union, qhov kawg ntawm lub neej photovoltaic panels tau, txij li xyoo 2012, tau raug kho raws li hluav taws xob pov tseg raws li EU txoj cai pov tseg hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob, hu ua WEEE. Cov lus qhia xav kom txhua lub xeev cov tswv cuab ua raws li tus qauv yam tsawg kawg nkaus, tab sis qhov tseeb tus nqi ntawm e-khoom siv rov ua dua nws txawv ntawm ib lub teb chaws mus rau ib lub teb chaws, Marius Mordal Bakke, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas laus rau kev tshawb fawb hnub ci ntawm Rystad Energy, lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb lub hauv paus hauv Oslo, Norway. . Txawm hais tias txoj cai no, EU tus nqi rov ua dua PV tsis zoo dua li US tus nqi - nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 feem pua - feem ntau vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rho tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, Bakke tau hais.
Tab sis nws tau kwv yees tias kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav tshwm sim ntau dua thaum cov hnub kawg ntawm lub neej cov vaj huam sib luag nce mus txog qhov uas nws nthuav tawm lub sijhawm ua lag luam, muab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas lawv muag tau. Tsoomfwv tuaj yeem pab ua kom qhov kev hloov pauv sai sai, nws hais ntxiv, los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub pov tseg PV panels hauv qhov chaw pov tseg thiab muab kev txhawb siab xws li kev them se rau txhua tus neeg siv lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Bakke tau hais tias "Lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm yav tom ntej, koj yuav pom cov vaj huam sib luag txaus raug tshem tawm uas koj yuav tsum pib rov ua dua tshiab," Bakke hais. "Nws yuav dhau los ua txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws tus kheej tsis hais tus nqi khoom muag."
